N Korea’s constitution now refers to South Korea as « hostile. »

North Korea’s New Constitutional Stance

North Korea’s constitution has recently undergone a significant revision, officially designating South Korea as a « hostile state, » according to state media reports. This change marks a pivotal moment in the ongoing tensions between the two Koreas and reflects the shifting dynamics in inter-Korean relations.

Acknowledgment of Rising Tensions

The state newspaper Rodong Sinmun reported this amendment as an « inevitable and legitimate measure, » particularly relevant as tensions between the two nations are currently at their highest in years. This declaration comes in the wake of recent aggressive actions, including North Korea’s destruction of roads and railways that connect to the South. State media portrayed this act as part of a broader strategy to « thoroughly separate » the Koreas, further escalating the divide.

Symbolic Moves Amid Hostility

Some analysts view this constitutional change as largely symbolic, especially given that North Korean leader Kim Jong Un previously renounced the idea of unification as early as December 2023. At that time, state media reported Kim’s assertion that inter-Korean relations had devolved into « a relationship between two hostile countries and two belligerents at war. » This rhetoric has set a tone of animosity that seems to be solidifying within the regime.

In January, Kim reinforced this position by declaring that unification with South Korea was impossible, hinting at potential constitutional changes to label the South as the « principal enemy. » This series of statements and actions underscores a deliberate shift in the North’s approach toward the South, aligning with the new constitutional framework.

Escalating Rhetoric and Military Actions

Furthermore, the past few months have witnessed a steady rise in tensions, marked by provocative exchanges between the two Koreas. The term « hostile states » has characterized North Korean communications for nearly a year, highlighting the increasing severity of the North’s stance. Bruce Bennett, a defense analyst at the Rand Corporation, noted that this development raised the risks of confrontation, contributing to a potential escalation spiral.

In light of these tensions, Kim and his sister have issued multiple nuclear threats directed at both South Korea and the United States, intensifying fears of conflict in the region.

Limited Expectations for War

Despite the heightened rhetoric, many analysts remain skeptical about the possibility of a full-scale war. Professor Kang Dong-wan, who teaches political science and diplomacy at Dong-a University in Busan, expressed doubt that the situation would escalate to that level. He suggested that North Korea may be exploiting military confrontation primarily to strengthen internal cohesion rather than to pursue outright conflict.

Similarly, Professor Kim Dong-yup from the University of North Korean Studies in Seoul emphasized that the regime is acutely aware of the severe consequences a full-scale war would entail. This understanding may act as a restraint against taking extreme military actions.

Conclusion

In summary, North Korea’s constitutional amendment to label South Korea as a « hostile state » signifies a deepening of existing tensions and reflects a strategic pivot in the regime’s narrative. While the potential for confrontation is evident, experts believe that the likelihood of war remains low, as North Korea navigates the delicate balance between asserting its power and recognizing the risks involved.

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